人工智能对医疗损害责任归责原则影响的探讨

[关键词]人工智能；医疗损害责任；归责原则；过错责任；过错推定责任；无过错责任 [中图分类号]R-052 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1001-8565(2025)09-1199-08 DOI:10.12026/j.issn.1001-8565.2025.09.15

Discussion on the impact of artificial intelligence on the principle of attribution for medical damage liability

LIURuishuang

(SchoolofHealthHumanities,PekingUniversity,BeijinglOol91,China)

Abstract: China’s traditional principle of liability atribution for medical damage adopts a tripartite theory, with fault liabilityas the general principle，supplementedby the presumptionof fault liabilityand no-fault liability.At present，artificial inteligence（AI）has been widely used in the medical field.Based on the characteristics of moral autonomy and technological independent development，it brings unprecedented risks to patients’rightsand interests while generating benefits,resulting in the traditional principleof liabilityatribution for medical damage not being fully adapted to medical AI. On the one hand，in the case where the autonomous behavior of AI is not enough to aect the subject and causality of diagnosisand treatment activities，the traditional principleof liability attribution for medical damage can stillbeapplied.On the other hand,afterthe fundamental change of causality caused by the high autonomy of AI in diagnosis and treatment activities，the traditional principleofliabilityattributionfor medicaldamage is notsuitableforAI.If the tradition is adhered to, it will easily lead to an imbalanceof the doctor-patient interestsand disorder medical order.Therefore，to rebuild the balance between the freedom of medical behavior and the protection of patient's rights and interests, promote medical innovation，and make good use of AI to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment，thereby expanding patients’autonomy and improving patients’well-being，this paper explored how to adjust the principle of liability atribution for medical damage after the inclusion of AI in diagnosis and treatment activities, and make it fit with AI.AI-based risk management should be legislated to set compliance obligations for AI operators and formulate reasonable AI standards，and thosewho violate compliance obligations or do not meet standards should be presumed at fault. Therefore，the principle of liability atribution for medical damage involving AI should apply the presumption offaultliability；fault liability or no-fault liability should be applied cautiously.

Keywords:artificial intelligence；medical damage liability；principleof liability atribution；fault liability; presumption of fault liability ；no-fault liability

0 引言

任何国家的侵权法都不可能为社会生活中的所有损害提供救济，也不可能对一切权益损害置之不理[1]3。（剩余13544字）