基于卡尔曼滤波的轨道短波不平顺检测算法研究

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中图分类号：U216 文献标志码：A文章编号：1006-0316（2025）12-0053-08

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2025.12.008

Abstract： To addressthe issue that the inertial reference method is difficult to detect short waves and solve the the problem of waveform distortion in the chord measurement method in the existing track detection，a detection method based on Kalman filter fusion of axle box acceleration and mid-point chord measurement model is proposed from the aspects of waveform restoration and data fusionto improve the detection accuracy of the track short-wave irregularity. A 10m mid-point chord model based on high-frequency sampling is established， and a batch gradient descent algorithm is used to recover the detected waveform. The recovered track irregularity of the mid-point chord model is taken as the observation quantity，and the acceleration of theaxlebox is taken as the input ofthe Kalman filter algorithm，soas to establishthe state equations and solve for the track irregularity. The results of simulation verification show that the maximum mean absolute error of the Kalman filter fusion algorithm for detecting short-wave irregularity is 0.0438mm ，and the correlation coefficient isabove 0.95， which meets the need fordetecting short-wave iregularityofthe track，and verifies theeffctiveness of the data fusion algorithm.

Key words ∵ track irregularity; short-wave irregularity ; chord measurement method ;Kalman filter

轨道不平顺是引起列车振动的主要原因，容易加速列车与轨道部件的损坏及轨道几何不平顺的恶化，增加养护与维修成本，严重时还会导致车辆产生异常振动和噪声，降低车辆运行品质与乘坐舒适性，甚至引发安全问题[1]。（剩余5879字）