钢轨中超声导波传播特性及损伤敏感模式分析

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中图分类号：U216.3；O422；TB553文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2025.12.006

文章编号：1006-0316（2025）12-0039-07

Abstract ∵ Ultrasonic guided waves，asan ideal non-destructive testing （NDT） technology for rails，exhibit excellent advantages for detecting damage in rails.Guided wave modes have Varying sensitivities to diferent types of damage due to their multi-modal properties.Therefore，selecting appropriate guided wave modes can improve the accuracy of detection. In this study，a semi-analytical finite element method （SAFEM） is employed to establish the finite element modelof the commonlyused CHN60 rail，and the dispersion curvesof ultrasonic guided wave propagation in the rail are calculated，and the phase velocity curves and group velocity curves are obtained. Additionally，the wave structures of each mode are analysed based on their displacement distributions， and the guided wave modes with high sensitivity to specific damage types at diffrent locations in the rail are selected.Finally，appropriate excitationmethods are proposed based on the surface displacement distributionsof the selected modes.The results indicate that at the commonly used frequency of 40kHz ，Mode14 is suitable for detecting the damageoftherail head，Mode 3 issuitablefordetecting thedamageoftherail web，and Mode 8 is suitable for detecting the damage of the rail base.These modes exhibit low displacement energy leakage，are easilyidentifiable，and possessgood damage detection capabilities in the target areas.The findings of this study provide a reference for selecting and exciting guided wave modes in ultrasonic guided wave testing of rails and is valuable for practical applications.

Key words guided wave non-destructive testing semi-analytical finite element method iwave structure analysis

高速铁路是我国重要的交通基础设施，钢轨作为铁路的主要组成部分，长期承受来自机车的交变荷载，逐渐积累损伤并扩展成宏观裂纹，最终形成断轨影响铁路的安全运营。（剩余5437字）