新型抗生素开发：技术手段、研究方向与未来挑战

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关键字：新型抗生素；耐药性；基因组学；联合疗法；纳米技术中图分类号：R978.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-8751（2025）06-0361-10

Development of New Antibiotics： Technological Approaches， Research Directions，and Future Challenges

JianXue-meng，Chu Tao，LuYong （1 WuhanDonghu College，Wuhan 430072；2HubeiDingtai HightechCo.，Ltd.，Wuhan ）

Abstract： The main methods used in the creation of new antibiotics are comprehensively examined in this work， including synthetic biology，high-throughput screening，structural biology，genomicsand bioinformatics，chemical synthesis and modification，and natural product extraction.Furthermore，itidentifes major researchdirections，such as the developmentofantibiotics with novel mechanisms ofaction，anti-biofim strategies，explorationofcombiation therapies，applications of nanotechnologyand drug delivery systems，and development of resistance reversal agents. The study also explores contemporary issues such as the quick development of bacterial resistance，the high cost of research and development，thecomplexityof clinical trials，the lack of adequate regulatory and financial incentives， the botlenecks inscientificresearch，andthechallengesassociated withantibioticstewardshipandregulation.Finally it outlines future strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance（AMR），aiming to provide reference and inovative insights for addressng this global health crisis andcontributing to the sustainable developmentof human health.

Key words： novel antibiotics； antimicrobial resistance；genomics； combination therapy； nanotechnology

目前，抗生素耐药性问题对现代医学治疗和人类健康产生了严重威胁，已发展成为全球公共卫生领域不得不面对的重大挑战之一。（剩余18825字）