玉米大豆套作模式下不同播期与密度对产量的影响

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中图分类号： S565.1;S513 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2025）07-1332-10

Effects of different sowing dates and planting densities on yield in maizesoybean intercropping systems

ZHANG Xiao’，WU Haiying'， LIU Lisha¹，YU Xiaobo¹，LI Wenzhu，PU Xu³，DU Xiaoqiu

TAN Xiaolong²， ZHOU Duxiong²， LI Tao³， AN Jiangang1

（.Nancoe

3.Xuanhan Agricultural Technology Extension Station，Dazhou 636150，China）

Abstract：To investigate theoptimal combination of sowingdates and planting densities for achieving high yields of bothcrops inmaize-soybean intercroppingsystems，thisstudyadoptedarotatableorthogonalcompositedesign with fourfactors and five levels and established mathematical models characterizing the relationships between sowing dates，planting densitiesand yield under field experimental conditions. The results indicated that in maize-soybean intercropping systems，the maize yield per unit area was significantly or extremely significantly affected by the maize sowing date， maizeplanting density and soybean plantingdensity.The yield perunit area increased first and then decreased with the delay of maize sowing date，and gradually increased with the increase of maizeplanting density.The yield per unitarea decreased firstand then increased with theincrease of soybean planting density.The yield per unit area ofsoybean was significantlyor extremely significantlyaffected by soybeansowingdate，soybean planting densityand maize sowingdate.The yieldperunitarea increasedfirstand then decreased withthedelayof soybean sowing date.With the increaseofsoybean plantingdensity，theyield perunit area increased gradually. With thedelayof maize sowing date，the yield perunit area decreased gradually.The composite yield per unit areaof maizeandsoybean was extremelysignificantlyafectedby maize sowingdateand maize planting density，which decreasedgradually with thedelayof maizesowing dateand increased graduallywiththeincreaseof maizeplanting density. Withintherelativelyidealinteractionrangesofthesefactors，theoptimalcultivationplanforachievinghighyieldsof both cropsinthe maize-soybean intereropping systems was optimized bythe statistical frequency method：maizesowing date was fromMarch18th to2Oth，soybeansowingdatewasfromJune3rdto6th，maizeplanting densitywas4818O-49380 plants per hectare，and soybean density was 116 49O-123 510 plants per hectare.

Key words： maize；soybean；intercropping；sowing date；density；yield

大豆是中国当前供需矛盾紧张的农作物，为扩大大豆产能，缓解对外依存度，同时实现不与主粮作物争地的战略目标，2022年起在全国范围内大力推广玉米大豆带状复合种植技术。（剩余11561字）