氮素形态及配比对马铃生理特性、产量及品质的影响

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中图分类号：S532 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2025）07-1280-09

Effects of nitrogen forms and ratios on physiological characteristics， yield and quality of potato

HU Xiongliang'， ZHAO Xuerui1， JIAO Shujuan1， ZHANG Ruyan1， WANG Yong1，WANG Xingxing1

ZHANG Weina’，KANG Yichen’，LIU Yuhui²，QIN Shuhao1

（1.CollgefucualUsitGsubfottLanzhou ，China）

Abstract：To investigate theffectsof diferent nitrogen formsandratiosonphysiological traits，tuberyield，a qualityin potato，a field experiment was conducted using Longshu No.17（a late-maturingpotato cultivar）asthe test material. The experiment comprised six treatments：an unfertilized control（CK），urea application（amide nitrogen，T1），ammonium sulfate application（ammonium nitrogen，T2），calcium nitrate application（nitrate nitrogen， T3），a 50：50 combined application of nitrate and ammoniumnitrogen（T4），and a 75：25 combined applicationofnitrateandammoniumnitrogen（T5）.Thisstudyinvestigatedtheeffctsofnitrogenformsandtheirratiosonpotatoleaf photosynthesis，endogenoushormonecontent，keyenzymeactivities innitrogen metabolism，tuber yield，andquality.Resultsindicated thatnitrogen formsandtheirapplicationratiosdiffrentiallyimprovedpotatophotosyntheticperformance. Specifically， the 75：25 combined application of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen （T5） significantly enhanced stomatal conductance （ Gs ）and icreased zeatin（ZT）content compared to other treatments.Compared to CK，T5 treatment increased indole-3-acetic acid（IAA）and zeatin（ZT） contentsby 119.02% and 132.06% respectively，decreased abscisic acid （ABA）content by 59.80% ，and elevated gibberellin A3 （ GA3 ）content by 8.25% ，while significantly enhancing all key nitrogen metabolism enzymeactivities.Simultaneously，tuber yields under diferent treatments increased by 28.66% to 60.43% compared to CK.These findings demonstrated that nitrogen forms and theirapplication ratios diferentially regulatedendogenous hormonelevelsand keynitrogen-metabolizing enzymeactivities inpotato leaves，enhancingphotosynthetic performance，yield，and quality. The 75：25 combined application of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen（T5）exhibited the most pronounced growth-promoting effects，delivering optimal tuber yield and quality.

Keywords：potato；nitrogen forms；photosynthesis；endogenous hormones；nitrogen metabolism enzymes；yield; quality

马铃薯（SolanumtuberosumL.）是茄科一年生草本植物[1]，因其营养成分齐全、产量高、适应性强等特点被广泛引种栽培[2]，是中国继水稻、小麦和玉米之后生产和消费最多的粮食作物之一。（剩余12085字）