时频电磁（TFEM)技术油气检测原理与方法

打开文本图片集

中图分类号：P631 文献标识码：A DOI：10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.20250146

Abstract： Electromagnetic methods are naturally superior in identifying whether deep targets contain fluids. It is of great significance for oil and gas field exploration and development to study high-precision electromagnetic detection technology for reservoir fluids.Based on the capillary modeland electrochemical theory，we consider that the polarized electric field is closely related to fluid concentration，microscopic charge migration，and acumulation，and has time and frequency dependencies. The essence of polarization efects can be explained through the electric diffusion hypothesis and thin film polarization theory.Based on Maxwel's equations and the equivalent complex resistivity model，we derive the basic formula for electromagnetic hydrocarbon detection.The accurate characterization of electrical anomalies in oil and gas reservoirs by relevant parameters is further analyzed， especially the performance of induced polarization effects related to oil and gascontent in electro magnetic field amplitude and phase curves. In practice，the induced polarization effect can be effectively extracted and the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs can be identified only by optimizing parameters such as transmissionand reception distance and frequency.At last，we analyze the characteristics of the induced polarization effect on electromagnetic field phase and differentialcurves through numerical simulation，which is consistent with theoretical mathematical characterization. We clarify the effective parametersand critical frequency for dataacquisition of the induced polarization efect in reservoirs.Finally，we discuss the applicabilityof this method in fluid detection and propose a construction method technology based on characteristic curves，providing theoretical support for the practical application of electromagnetic hydrocarbon detection.

Keywords：time-frequency electromagnetic method，hydrocarbon detection，parameteroptimization，induced po larizationeffect，electricaldouble-layereffect

何展翔，陈涛，陈本池，等，时频电磁（TFEM）技术——油气检测原理与方法[J].石油地球物理勘探，2025， 60（4） ：1032-1045. HE Zhanxiang，CHEN Tao，CHEN Benchi，et al. Time-frequency electromagnetic techniques： hydrocarbon detection principle and methods[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2025，60（4） ：1032-1045.

1概述

早在二十世纪五十年代，地球物理学家就预言电磁法将成为油气勘探的主要方法，这是因为地下油气的电阻率与地下矿化水的电阻率的差别至少为三个数量级，储层孔隙介质含油与含水必然会形成显著的电性差异[1-8]。（剩余23015字）