三份长穗偃麦草种质核型与基因表达特征分析

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中图分类号：S543.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2026）03-0804-13

doi：10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.007

引用格式：，等.三份长穗偃麦草种质核型与基因表达特征分析[J].草地学报，2026，34（3）：804—816 YU Ting，MA Shuai， MENG Lin，et al. Analysis of Karyotype and Gene Expression Characteristics in Three Ely trigia elongata Germplasms[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica，2026，34（3） ：804-816

Abstract： Elytrigia elongata （Host） Nevski， a perennial bunchgrass， posssses outstanding stress tolerance and forage quality. This study aimed to examine the chromosome number，karyotype composition，and gene expression profiles across various ploidy levels within E . elongata germplasm. Three accessions，designated EE030，EE031，and Ae4x ，were used as experimental materials. Karyotype analysis was conducted via an enzymatic maceration method，and diffrences in gene expression among accessions with varying ploidy levels were analyzed through ful-ength transcriptome sequencing on the PacBio platform.The results revealed that accession EEo3l is a diploid （ 2n=2x=14 ）with a karyotype formula of K（2n）=2x=10m+4sm ，classified as the“1A”type. Accession Ae4x is identified as a tetraploid （ 2n=4x=28 ）with a karyotype formula of K（2n）= 4x=20m+6sm+2st ，classified as the“2A” type. Accession EEO3O is a decaploid（ 2n=10x=70 ）witha karyotype formula of K（2n）=10x=56m+12sm+2st ，also categorized as the“2A” type.In parallel，transcriptome analysis revealed that increased ploidy level was associated with an essential expansion in transcript abundance and functional diversity. Diffrentially expressed genes in EEO31，Ae4x，and EEO3O were enriched in 10，12，and 15 KEGG metabolic pathways，as wellas in 39，38，and 64 GO functional terms，respectively. Furthermore，core functional pathways specific to each ploidy level were identified：（1） EEO3l（diploid） was enriched in proteins related to Chromosomes and Chromosome-binding，Stress response，and Signal receptor activity;（2） Ae4x （tetraploid） was enriched in Transporter and Hydrolase activities；（3） EEO3O（decaploid） was associated with Metabolism，Transporter，and Transferase activities.

KeyWords：Elytrigia elongata; Polyploidy; Karyotypeanalysis;Ful-length transcriptome sequencing;Diferetilly expressed genes

长穗偃麦草[Elytrigiaelongata（Host）Nevski]又名高冰草（Tallwheatgrass），属禾本科小麦族偃麦草属（Elytrigia）疏丛型多年生冷季型牧草。（剩余21798字）