放牧强度对荒漠草原植物群落组成及物种生态位的影响

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中图分类号：S812.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2026）03-0761-09

doi：10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.002

引用格式：．放牧强度对荒漠草原植物群落组成及物种生态位的影响[J].草地学报，2026，34（3）：761 -769 DONG Hao，ZHANG Xiao-jia，HAN Guo-dong.Efects of different grazing intensities on plant community composi tion and species ecological niches in Desert Steppe[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica，2O26，34（3）：761-769

Effects of Different Grazing Intensities on Plant Community Composition and Species Ecological Niches in Desert Steppe

DONG Hao， ZHANG Xiao-jia，HANGuo-dong* （ColegeofGrassadience，IerngoliaAgriculturalUiversityKeyabratoryofGassandResources，nistryoucation Hohhot，Inner Mongolia Olool1，China）

Abstract：To clarify the efects of different grazing intensities on the plant community structure，species diver sity，and population niche characteristics in desert steppe，reveal the laws of community species replacement and the niche response mechanisms of dominant species，and provide a theoretical basis for scientific grazing management，this study set up four different grazing treatments to analyze changes in community species composition，diversity，and niche characteristics.The results showed that with the increase of grazing intensity，the community species shifted from perennial forbs and shrubs/subshrubs to perennial grasses； grazing significantly reduced the total aboveground biomass of the community and the biomassof various functional groups，and the Shannon-Wiener index， Simpson index，and species richness index. Stipa breviflora，Cleistogenes songorica， and Conoolulus ammannii maintained a wide niche breadth under all grazing treatments，and the niche overlap among species with high niche breadth was generally high，with the niche overlap between Stipa brerviflora and Cleistogenes songorica reaching the highest under the heavy grazing treatment. The study indicated that grazing significantly affected the structure of desert steppe communities by altering the resource competition relationships among species.Therefore，grazing intensity should be controlled in desert steppe management to maintain ecosystem stability.

Key words：Desert grassland ;Important value;Functional groups;Niche width;Niche overlap

草原是地球上分布最广的陆地生态系统之一，约占全球陆地面积的 40% ，在维持生物多样性和提供生态系统服务方面发挥着不可替代的作用[]。（剩余19691字）