智能化电主轴关键技术与系统开发

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关键词：智能化主轴；状态评估；颤振监测；颤振抑制

中图分类号：TG659文献标志码：A

DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202511010文章编号： 0253-987X（2025）11-0104-11

Abstract： High-end computer numerical control （CNC） machine tools，recognized as the“mother machines”of the equipment manufacturing industry，have been identified by China as a strategic priority requiring accelerated breakthroughs，with inteligence being a critical development direction. Among their components，the spindle system plays a pivotal role in determining the machining performance and reliability of high-grade CNC machine tools， making it the undisputed core functional unit. Meanwhile， with the growing demand for high-performance machining in advanced manufacturing sectors such as aerospace，automotive，and energy，inteligent spindle technologycapable of state sensing and performance regulation—has become a key focus in the development of high-end CNC machine tools. As the critical component directly clamping and driving cutting tools，two core chalenges must be addressed to advance high-performance and intelligent spindles： how to achieve online， accurate perception and evaluation of the cutting process and the spindle's operational state to ensure machining stability and performance，and how to enable inteligent active control of the spindle to enhance machining quality under complex working conditions. In this context，the research team has developed a series of methods for state sensing， evaluation，and active vibration suppression tailored to intelligent spindles，addressing longstanding issues such as difficulties in state assessment and weak active control capabilities. Two types of intelligent electric spindle prototypes are developed， demonstrating capabilities in online state evaluation， chatter monitoring，and chatter suppression. These prototypes have been applied in select machine tool enterprises， providing theoretical foundations and enabling technologies for the development of intelligent spindles in China's machine tool industry.

Keywords： intelligent spindle; status evaluation; chatter monitoring;chatter suppression

1研究背景

近年来，“工业4.0"的提出极大地推动了以智能制造为核心的第四次工业革命的到来，世界各国也纷纷将智能制造技术作为国家重点发展领域，努力推动本国工业技术能力的提升，以期在新一轮的工业革命中占据制高点[1-2]。（剩余14294字）