有机替代对小麦产量和土壤理化性质的影响

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中图分类号：S512.1 文献标识码：A DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006—6500.2025.09.006

Abstract：Aimingatthproblsfsilegdatioandgicuralsustaabilityausdycesieaplcatioofccall， twotownshipsinYunyangDistrict，ShiyanCityHubeiProvince，wereusedasexperimentalareastoexploretheefectsoforganic fertilizerslacoaltsoatiooicftsdlalitimts（ool conventional fertilization，optimized fertilization，and organic substitution of 15% ， 30% ，and 45% fertilization） were set up through fieldpositoningexperientstterinendalyehatyield，oomicenefits，ndsoilpsicaandmicalinicatore resultsshowed thatfertilizationcould significantlyincreasewheatyield（ P<0.05 ）.Comparedwith conventional fertilization，theyield of organic fertilizer replacing 15% chemical fertilizer in Liupi Town increased by 4.8% . Theyield ofchemical fertilizer optimized fertilization treatment in Anyang Town was the highest，which was 6.3% higher than that of conventional fertilization.The economic benefit analysis showed that the organic substitution of 15% inLiubei Town had the highest income，reaching 12 64O yuan the income ofoptimized fertilization of chemical fertilizerin Anyang Town was the best，reaching 13 O43 yuan ⋅hm-2 ，and the ratio of output toinputwas6.7.Isofsoilqualityganicsbstitutiosficantlyireasdsolvlbleutrientsdoganicatt. Among them，the content of available potassium in Liupi Town organic fertilizer replacing 30% chemical fertilizer reached 316.97 （2 mg⋅kg-1 ，and the content ofavailable nitrogen in Anyang Town organic fertilizer replacing 30% chemical fertilizer increased by （204 55.79% .However，exceivesubstitutionleadstoanincreaseinfertilizationcostsandasignificantdecreaseinyieldandbenefits.In summary，the recommended organic substitution ratio in wheat production in Yunyang District was 15%-30% ，and the comprehensive yield increase rate was 29.3%-71.3% . Itcaneffectively increase yield and improve soil quality and provide a scientificbasis for regional fertilizer reduction and green planting and breeding cycles.

Keywords：organic fertilizer; fertilizer;wheat yield; economic benefits; soil quality

我国化肥施用量从1990年的 2.6×107 t增长至2023年的 5.0×107t. ，成为世界上农用化肥施用量最高的国家，远超过欧美等国家，过量施用化肥不仅导致王壤退化、养分失衡，还可能引发环境污染等问题。（剩余8730字）