金属材料锻造和热处理行业的节能研究进展

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Abstract：The forgingandheat treatment processes of metalic materialsarecharacterizedbyhigh levels of polltion and energy consumption. Optimizing these processes for energy efficiency is of great importance for promoting green industrial upgrading. Numerous scholars have proposed optimization strategies from various perspectives， including experimental methods，numerical simulations，and artificial inteligence.These advancements have not only enhanced production eficiency for enterprises but also improved energyutilization，contributing to low-carbon development.This paper provides a systematic overview of the forging and heat treatment processes for metallic materials，categorizing energy-saving optimization strategies into three mainapproaches： experimental methods， numericalsimulations，and artificial intelligence.The advantages andlimitationsofeachapproachare analyzedand discussed. Among them， numerical simulations enable comprehensive analysis to optimize production processes but are limited by the long computation time.In recent years，numerical simulation techniques have increasingly evolved toward digital twin applications，allowing real-time interaction between predictive results and actual production processes，thereby achieving dynamic optimization.

Keywords：energy-saving；metal forging；heat treatment； optimizationalgorithm

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改革开放近五十年来，中国经济实现了高速增长，GDP增长了328.8倍，人均GDP增长了234.6倍[，，能源消费总量从1978年的5.71亿t标准煤增长到2023年57.2亿t标准煤[2]，能源消费总量变化趋势及增长率如图1所示。（剩余17142字）