哈密地区棉花化肥减量增效技术及优化策略
中图分类号 S146 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）12-0035-03
DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.12.009
Techniques and optimization strategies for reducing and increasing fertilization efficiency of cotton in Hami region
ZULIPIEM ⋅ Yusupu 1，2 HU Xuelin1 ALIYA·Sidik1 ZHANG Lu1 LIUQianqian 1，2 QIAN Wenjie1
（1Agricultural Science Research Institute of the 13th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps， Hami 839000， China;
²Agricultural Development Service Center of the 13th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps， Hami 839000， China）
AbstractTo improve theyieldand qualityofcotton in Hami City，Xinjiang，the technology of reducing and increasig fertilizer efficiencyintheregionwassummarized，the links that need furtherimprovement inthecotton production fertilization process wereanalyzed，andoptimized fertlizationstrategies wereproposed.The technologyof reducingand increasing fertilizer eficiency includessoil testing formula fertilization technology，straw returning technology，andintegratedwaterandfertilizer technology.Theapplicationofrelated technologies helps to ensure balanced nutrient supply，increase soil organic mater content，and improve crop yield.Thereare some urgent optimization linksin the fertilization managementof cotton production in theresearcharea，mainly including imbalance inthe ratioofnitrogen，phosphorus，andpotassiumfertilizer，insuffcientsupplyoforganicfertilizer，andlackoftrace elementfertilizers.Basedonthis，optimized fertilization strategiesare proposed：scientific fertilization，promoting the integratedservice model of“detection，configuration，production，provision，and application”throughout the entire process，and strengthening the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization technology;take measures such as returning straw tothefieldand increasingtheapplicationoforganic fertilizer to improvesoil structure and enhance the persistenceoffertilizerefficiency;reasonablyallocatetheproportionoffertilizers，organicfertilizers，and traceelement fertilizerstoimprovetheaccuracyoffertilization.Thisarticleprovidesreferencesforhighqualityandeficientcotton production in relevant regions.
Keywordsfertilizer;cotton；soil testingand formula fertilization; straw returning;reductionand effciency improvement
棉花种植面积较大，近年来，随着化肥施用量的增加和连年耕作，部分地区氮肥施用水平可能超过作物需肥量，导致土壤质量下降、养分残余增加，具体表现为土壤有机质含量减少，碱解氮和有效磷含量升高，在一定程度上增加了种植成本，同时可能造成环境污染，加重病虫害的发生。（剩余3673字）