跳深练习诱导PAP对男子短跑运动员起跑阶段运动力学影响

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中图分类号：G822.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-323X（2025）02-0075-09

Effects of Drop Jump-Induced Post-Activation Potentiation on the Mechanics of the Starting Phase in Male Sprinters

LIURui-dongl’²，YANZhi-jie’，LINSheng-fa’，LI Zhao³ （1.SportsCoacgotUvesityina；Kborogea ofSportfChiaeio84，a;3ShooftrethddiogeortUvesityejoa）

Abstract： This study aims to explore the effects of drop jump （DJ） without load and drop jump with 20% body weight load （WDJ） on the kinematic parameters of male sprinters during the starting phase and the optimal recovery time.A randomized crossover experimental design was adopted， and 24first-level male sprinters were recruited.The Kistler KiSprint digital starting blocks were used to collct data such as starting reaction time， speed， acceleration，rate of force development （RFD）， impulse， and power. The post-activation potentiation effects of the three intervention forms （DJ group， WDJ group，and control group）under recovery times of 4 minutes，8 minutes，and 12 minutes were analyzed.The results show that： 1） There are significant interaction effects between the forms of induction exercises and recovery time on starting speed， peak horizontal RFD， peak horizontal force， horizontal impulse， impulse of the front and rear legs，and power （p<0.05） ）. 2）The WDJ group performs better than the DJ group in most indicators， especially in terms of peak horizontal RFD， horizontal impulse，and impulse of the front leg，with more significant and sustained improvements （still having an advantage at 12 minutes）; 3） Most indicators reach their peaks at 8 minutes， which is the optimal recovery time. The conclusion of the study is that， compared with the drop jump without load， the drop jump with 20% bodyweight load is a more effective PAP induction method， which can significantly improve the performance of male sprinters during the starting phase，and the 8-minute recovery time is the time window for exerting its best effct. Future research can focus on the impacts of different load ratios，recovery times，and actual competition environments on PAP， so as to develop more personalized and scientific pre-competition warm-up programs.

Keywords： post-activation potentiation; drop jump; starting block; sport biomechanics

近年来，短跑项目的发展不断突破人类速度的极限，运动员对起跑阶段爆发力和加速能力的要求愈发严苛。（剩余13816字）