基于120KSNP芯片的292份冬小麦地方品种遗传多样性分析

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Abstract：The genetic diversity of landraces is crucial for wheat breeding. In this study，a genome-wide analysis of 292 winter wheat germplasm resources from Xizang，Hubei， Yunnan and Sichuan，China，was conducted using a 12OK SNP arry to analyze the evolutionary patterns and modes of their genetic diversity. Genotyping yielded 86129 high-quality SNPs，with an average of 4104 markers per chromosome. SNP distribution across subgenomes was B>A>D ，and chromosome 4D contained the fewest SNPs（only 1582）. The Shannon index across all germplasm resources ranged from 0.1734 to 0.3678（mear 1=0.2431 ），and the polymorphism information（PI）ranged from 0.0952 to 0.5010（mean=0.3146），with the highest frequency observed in the range of 0.3001 to 0.400.Furthermore，the overall mean expected heterozygosity（0.8835）was higher than the mean observed heterozygosity （0.8809），indicating a certain degree of genetic diversity and differentiation within the population.The 292 winter wheat landraces were classified into three subgroups，with an average genetic distance of 0.31344 between populations，ranging from 0.00196 to 0.56513.In summary，this study reveals the genetic variation patterns of winter wheat landrace germplasm resources， providing valuable insights for future genetic improvement and breeding.

Keywords：wheat; 12oKSNP;genetic diversity;landraces

小麦作为最重要的粮食作物之一，为全世界超过 30% 的人类提供了约 19% 的卡路里和 21% 的蛋白质[1]。（剩余20023字）