作物叶片形态建成及其遗传调控机制的研究进展

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Abstract： Leaves are pivotal organs for photosynthesis，respiration，and transpiration in plants. Their morphological development is jointly influenced by genetic，environmental，and evolutionary factors，while their size significantly impacts crop growth，yield，and quality. Investigating leaf developmental mechanisms， understanding environmental influences on leaf formation，defining the optimal leaf size range，and excavating excellent materials from germplasm resoures are of great importance for agricultural production. However， numerous chalenges remain in plant leaf development research， including gene interaction networks，coupling effects of multiple environmental factors，optimal leaf size range delineation，andapplications in breeding-all of which require further breakthroughs. Therefore，this paper reviews research advances since the 19th century on the regulatory mechanisms and influencing factors of leaf development in various plant species，including Arabidopsis thaliana L.， wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）， rice（Oryza sativa L.），maize （Zea mays L.），tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.），and radish（Raphanus sativus L.）.Additionally，itanalyzes the current research status，emerging trends，keyunresolved issues regarding plant leaf size regulation and provide insights to inform future studies on plant leaves. The main aspects covered include：（1）Mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis， elucidating the four stages of leaf shape formation.（2）Regulatory mechanisms of leaf development，primarily summarizing cellular and molecular-level control pathways.（3）Factors influencing leaf morphology，including genetic and environmental determinants.（4） Technologies applied in leaf research，encompassing cuting-edge techniques， traditional experimental methods， instruments，and analytical software，along with their applications in leaf development studies.

Key words： leaf development; morphogenesis ;regulatory mechanisms ;influencing factors; crop breeding

作物种质资源是育种创新与品种改良的根基，被形象地称为农业“芯片”和国家战略资源，是农业可持续发展的重要基础，其中“种质"决定了作物的各种性状[1]。（剩余35336字）