贵州桐梓古茶树不同单株茶籽的生物学特性比较与内生细菌多样性分析

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中图分类号：S571.1；TS272 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-369X（2025）06-0943-14

Abstract： The seeds of ancient tea plants represent valuable natural genetic resources and gene pools， playing a crucial role inenriching tea plant genetic resourcesand maintaining genetic diversity.To investigate their characteristics，this study utilized seeds from 8 ancient tea plants （designated TZ-1 to TZ-8）anda locallycultivated tea plant （TZ-9）in Tongzi County， Guizhou Province， China. We systematically compared their biological properties， including morphology，lo-grain weight， water absorptionrate，bulk density， germination rate，and tea saponin content.Additionaly， we analyzed the endophytic bacterial diversity using high-throughput sequencing.The results reveal significant variations in the biological properties among the ancient teaseeds.Specifically，TZ-3 exhibited the highest 100-grain weight （269.52g） ，while TZ-1 had the smallest values in these traits. The cultivated variety TZ-9 has the highest relative water absorption rate （32%） ）and germination rate （85%） . Among the ancient tea plants， TZ-6 had the highest germination rate （76%） ，andTZ-2hadthelowest （11.67% ）.The tea saponin content varied from 21.00% to 49.91% among the ancient tea plants，with TZ-3 and TZ-4 exceeding 40% . The analysis of endophytic bacteria detects a total of1141OTUs，covering26bacterial phyla.Among them，the richness of the TZ-3 community was the highest （ （OTU=185 ），and TZ-2 was the lowest（ OTU=46 ）. PCoA/NMDS analysis shows that the community structures of TZ-2，TZ-3，andTZ-8 weresignificantlyseparated，and this separation was independentof the ecological type （ancient/cultivated plants）. Correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of genera such as Planctomycetotaand Firmicutes was positively correlated with seed diameter，10o-grain weight，and tea saponin content （P<0.05） ， while Desulfobacterota and Bacteroidota were negatively correlated with water absorption rate. This study initiallyelucidated the association betweenthe biological characteristicsof ancienttea seeds and their endophytic bacterialcommunities，ofering a theoretical foundation for the conservation and innovative utilization of teagermplasmresources.

Keywords： ancient tea plants，teaseeds，biologicalcharacteristics，high-throughput sequencing，endophyticbacteria

茶树[Camellia sinensis（L.） O.Kuntze]是具有重要经济价值的经济作物[1]。（剩余19095字）