无人机在我国农业监测与农事作业上的应用研究进展

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中图分类号：S252 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2025）06-0171-10

AbstractDrones，characterized by high mobility，flexibility and work effciency，have become an integral part of China's agricultural machinery and equipment，achieving remarkable application results in areas such as agricultural monitoring and farming operations.Equipped with various earth observation sensors such as visible-light and spectral cameras，LiDAR and thermal imagers，drones can rapidly，efficiently and accurately acquireremote sensing data of crops and soil.By integrating machine learning and artificial intellgence algorithms，they enable precise analysis of field area and yield estimation，pest and disease monitoring and early warning，soil quality assessment，and so on.Additionally，drones can be fited with spraying and seeding systems to perform effcient agricultural tasks such as crop protection and sowing.To better promote the applicationand development of agricultural drone technology in China，this paper provided a brief introduction to drone types，path planning，onboard sensors，and specialized farming payloads，and summarized the research progress and application status of drone technology in China’s agricultural monitoring （including crop planting area and yield estimation，pest and disease monitoring and early warning，soil quality assessment，and crop phenotyping research） and farming operations （crop protection，fertilization，seeding，and harvesting）.Furthermore，the current limitations of agricultural drone technologyapplication in China were analyzed and its future development directions were prospected，aiming to provide a scientific reference for advancing the application of drones in China's agricultural production.

KeywordsDrones; Agricultural monitoring; Farming operations

我国是农业大国，多种农产品产量位居全球前列，然而与农业发达国家相比，仍然存在劳动生产率较低、化肥和农药平均施用量较高等问题此外，由于城镇化进程加快和人口老龄化等问题，我国农村劳动力快速减少，土地流转速度加快，迫切需要新的农业生产模式和技术来适应这种变化。（剩余17561字）