梨园土肥管理现状、问题及绿色提质增效途径

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中图分类号：S661.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002－2910（2025）03-0001-06

Current status， issues，and pathway for green quality improvement and efficiency enhancement in pear orchards

DONG Caixia

（CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences，NanjingAgriculturalUniversity/KeyLaboratoryofOrganic Fertilizers inJiangsu Province，Nanjing，Jiangsu21oo95，China）

Abstract：Pear orchards in China commonly face critical issues，such as low soil organic matter content，increasing soil acidification，imbalanced fertilization structure，and low nutrient-use efficiency.This study systematically analyzed these challenges in current pear orchard soil and fertilization practices.We propose an efficient fertilization principle，integrating soil fertility enhancement， optimal nutrient management，and functional microbes for nutrient efficiency.A quality-efficiency centered technical model is established，featuring organic substitution，root-fruit health optimization，three improvementsand two supplements，precision regulation and water-fertilizercoupling.Thisapproach achieves improved soil fertility，reduced chemical fertilizer use，and enhanced fruit quality.Providing theoretical and practical frameworks forsustainable pear production and green quality-efficiency synergy.

Key words：pear orchard; soil-fertilizer management; efficient fertilization principle；green quality improvement and efficiency enhancement

土壤和肥料是农业发展的基本保障，农业农村部于2015年发布《到2020年化肥使用零增长行动方案》，2020年全国化肥施用量实现零增长，化肥利用率提高到 40.5% ；2022年农业农村部再次提出《到2025年化肥减量化行动方案》，要求化肥使用量继续实现稳中有降，肥料利用率提升至 43% 。（剩余9593字）