复杂环境下天基无源协同多目标初始定轨方法

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中图分类号：V44 文献标志码：A DOI：10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.05.03

Space-based passive cooperative multi-target initial orbit determination method in complex environments

ZHANG Hongyuan1，GONG Baichun1，*，HAN Fei²，SUN Yue²，NING Xin³ （1.Collegeof Astronautics，Nanjing Universityof Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 2106，China; 2.Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute，Shanghai 2O1109，China； 3.School of Astronautics，Northwestern Polytechnical Uniuersity，Xi'an 71O072，China）

Abstract：In the context of the space-based passive cooperative multi-target angular data association and initial orbit determinationmission，toaddressthe problemof poor orbit determination accuracydue to the high association mis-match rateof the traditional method in the complex environment where sensor clutterand missed detection are taken into account，a method for multi-target data association and multi-target initial orbit determination based on parameter correction and clustering estimation is proposed.First，a dynamics model incorporating the Earth’s non-spherical J2 term and the Moon’s gravitational perturbation and line-of-sight anglemeasurement modelare developed，asensor clutterand missed detection modelisderivedandasimulated data generator is constructed. Second，thedata association cost matrixis constructed according to the evaluation metrics of the measurement association，the cost matrix processing method based on parameter corction and clustering estimation is proposed，and theoptimal alocationalgorithmisapplied to findout theassociation results.Third，the global associations are derived based on the cooperative asociations and the time-series associations，and the multi-target orbit velocities are solved with reference to theglobal associations.Finally， the proposed method is validated by numerical targeting simulation experiments with coordinated observation of 10 targets in the geostationary Earth orbit neighborhood.Simulation results show thatthe proposed method is effective in resisting the influence of sensor clutter and missed detection，improving theassociation and multitarget initial orbit determination accuracy，and the relative orbit error is less than 1% ：

Keywords： space situation awareness； passive detection；data association；cooperative orbit determination; multi-target tracking

0 引言

随着人类航天技术的长足发展，近地轨道上卫星与太空碎片的激增使得轨道空间面临日益严峻的拥挤和安全挑战[1]。（剩余17276字）