民国时期徽州茶商的困境、抗争与革新

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图分类号：K250.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-2435（2025）05-0069-11

Huizhou Tea Merchants'Predicament,Resistance andReformingin theRepublican Eraof China

KANG Jian(HistoryCollege,AnhuiNormalUniversity,WuhuAnhui2410O2,China)

Keywords:Huizhou tea merchant;protests;innovation;Republican China

Abstract:DuringtheRepublicanera,domesticunrestandinternationalturmoilseverelydisruptedtheteatradeinHuizhou. TheWorldWarIthat brokeoutintheearlyyearsof theRepublicofChinadealtaheavyblowtotheexportofChinese tea,including Huizhou tea.CountriessuchasBritainandRussiaimposed heavy taxesandstrict importrestrictionson Chinese tea,further exacerbating thediffcultiesfacedbyHuizhou merchants.TheBeiyang governmentand theNationalist Government implemented a policyof tax reduction or exemption for Chinese tea exported from the interior,which to someextentpromotedtheexportofChinesetea.However,localgovermmentsfromtimetotimeimposedadditional taxes. Coupledwiththecontinuousdomesticbanditandwarfare,itgreatlyaffctedthetradeofHuizhouteaandthelivelihoods of teamerchants.Inresponsetothesechalenges,teamerchants inHuizhoutookcollectiveactions,demandingthatthe Soviet Rusiaabolishtheadditional teatax onimported Chinese teaandresisting thelocal government's impositionofheavy taxesontea pasing through the border,achieving certainresults.Afew Huizhouteamerchants embracedchange by一 adopting modern thinkingand introducing Western machine-made tea-making techniques.However,thereach ofthis newchange was limited.The vast majorityofHuizhoutea merchants,onstrained byfactorssuchasalack ofcapitaland outdated ideas,were unable to recognize the fundamental reasons for the decline of the tea trade and were powerlessto takeeffectivemeasures tochange thesituation.Asaresult,theyfellintodeepening predicamentsandanddeclined irreversibly.Theexperienceof Huizhou teamerchantsduring theRepublican period exemplifiesabroader historicalreality: striving forsurvivalamidshiftingdomesticandglobalpressres,theirstruggleandstagnationreflect thecomplexfateof traditional commerce in modern China.

清代中后期，在国内外局势的影响下，徽州茶商经历繁荣——受挫——复兴——衰落的复杂过程。（剩余13390字）