探讨基本医疗与住院服务供应和利用的关系

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【中图分类号】R197【文献标识码】A DOI：10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0065

【Abstract】Inpatientcareandambulatorycareconstitute the nationalandregional healthcare system.Therelationship betweenthetwosubsystemsisasignificanttopicthatneeds tobestudied.UsingpubliclyreleaseddataofChinaandinteational agencies，thispaper preliminarilyanalyses the statusand trendsofhospital inpatient service provisionandutilizationand potential influencingfactors，aswellastherelationshipbetweenprimarycareandinpatientcare.Theresultsshowthathospital admisionratesinChinaarepositivelycorrelatedwiththedegreeofpopulationagingandtheavailabilityofhospitalbeds，with synchronousgrowthobservedinbedavailability，utilzationrates，andgeneralpractitionerresoures.Hospitaladmiionates varysignificantlyacrossprovinces.Thehospitalizationratecannotbesatisfactorilyexplainedwithcommonlyusedindicatorssuch associoeconomic，populationstructure，and healthresourceallocation，butgeographicdensityof hospitalbedsisrelatedto socioeconomicandpopulationindicatorsandotherresouestructures.Internationally，thesupplyofhospitalbedsisdecreasing inhigh-incomecountries，increasing inmidle-incomecountries，andremainingatalowlevelinlow-incomecountries；the hospitalizationateisrelated topopulationaging，economicdevelopment，andhospitalgovernancepolicies.Ithasbeenwidely realizedthatexcesive provisionof expensive inpatientcare willmakethehealthsystemunsustainable.Thehealthcareystem reformsare focusingonearlydiseaseprevention，consolidatingand strengthening primaryhealthcareandbasic medical care， andchangingthetraditionalroleofhospitals.High-incomecountrieshavereducedthesupplyandutilizationofhospitalization services through various measures，midle-incomecountriesareexploring thegovernanceofhospitalizationservices，andlowincomecountriesareexploringhowtoincreasesupplyandutilizationof inpatientcare.Strengthening basicmedical services does not necessarilyleadtoarductionininpatintservices，buttoimprovethecosteffectivenessandfirnesofregionalmedical servicesandoptimize theuseof inpatientresources.Efective govermanceof inpatient careand primarycare，establishmentand developmentoflarge-scale andcompetentbasic medical services，implementationofsharedcare acrossthe subsystems andaply gatekeper systems，and measures to reduce avoidable hospitalizations for specific diseasesand specific populations can help primary care contribute more rational inpatient care.

【Key Words 】Primary care；General practice；Hospital beds；Inpatient care；Supply；Utilisation

我国医疗卫生系统的改革和发展进入“深水区”，其中一个重要的考量和博弈，是怎样在医院住院服务（inpatientcare）的提供和利用上，与非住院服务（ambulatorycare，包括基层社区的全科服务和各类门诊专科服务）平衡，促进和实现区域医疗卫生服务资源更好的配置效率和价值，从而在实现可持续发展的同时，维护和提高我国居民的健康水平和生活质量。（剩余16487字）