我国水生蔬菜种质资源保存现状及创新利用

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Abstract： China's aquatic vegetables primarily include 12 categories，such as lotus （Nelumbo nucifera）， waterbamboo（Zizania latifolia），taro（Colocasia esculenta），waterchestnut （Eleocharis dulcis），arrowhead （Sagitaria spp.），water spinach（Ipomoea aquatica），water caltrop（Trapa spp.），gorgon eurgale（Euryale ferox），water dropwort （Oenanthe spp.），water shield （Brasenia schreberi），common cattail（Typha spp.）and watercress （Nasturtium oficinale）.They have a long cultivation history in China and are characteristic aquatic economic crops.The National Aquatic Vegetable Germplasm Repository（Wuhan）has long been engaged in the collction，conservation，evaluation and utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources.To date，it has maintained 3449 germplasm accessions from both domestic and international sources， established a comprehensive conservation system，and identified 140 elite germplasm resources.These achievements have facilitated fundamental research in genome sequencing，genetic diversity analysis，and molecular marker development in aquatic vegetables，ultimately advancing the breeding of new aquatic vegetable varieties and promoting the sustainable development of the industry. This article summarizes and reviews the progress in germplasmcollection and conservation over the past two decades，as well as progress made in the innovation and utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources.We further discuss prospects on future germplasm collction，conservation，characterization，evaluation，and sharing mechanisms，aiming tooffer insights for the protection，efective utilization，and industrial development of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources in China.

Key words：aquatic vegetable；germplasm repository;conservation；utilization

水生蔬菜是指在淡水中生长的、其产品可供作蔬菜食用的维管束植物，是我国传统的独具特色的一类经济作物，主要包括莲（NelumbonuciferaGaertn.）、菱白［Zizanialatifolia（Griseb.）Turcz.exStapf]、芋[Colocasiaesculenta（L.）Schott]、水芹（Oenanthespp.）、慈姑（Sagittariaspp.）、荸荠[Eleocharisdulcis（Burm.f.）Trin.exHensch.]、龚菜（IpomoeaaquaticaForssk.）、荧实（EuryaleferoxSalisbury）、菱角（Trapaspp.）、莼菜（BraseniaschreberiJ.F.Gmel.）、香蒲（Typhaspp.）、豆瓣菜（NasturtiumofficinaleR.Brown）12类。（剩余28127字）