膀胱癌病人希望水平的研究进展

Research progress on the level of  hope in bladder cancer patients

MA Sihui，ZHANG Na*The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University，Liaoning 116021 China*Corresponding Author  ZHANG Na，E-mail：31803347@qq.com

Keywords  bladder cancer;hope level;quality of life;influencing factors;necessity;review；nursing

摘要  综述膀胱癌病人希望水平的影响因素，介绍希望水平的概念、相关理论、量表、研究膀胱癌病人希望水平的必要性及提高膀胱癌病人希望水平的干预措施。（剩余13671字）