水中铝丝和铜丝电爆炸特性的实验研究

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关键词：水中金属丝电爆炸；负载材质；放电特性；冲击波中图分类号：TM89文献标志码：ADOI:10.7652/xjtuxb202509004 文章编号:0253-987X(2025)09-0033-08

Experimental Study on Electrical Explosion Characteristics of Aluminum and Copper Wires in Water

ZHANG Shaojie，ZHANG Yongmin，LUO Cheng，ZHAO Hejie, LU Jinbo，MENG Yang，QIU Aici (School of Electrical Engineering，Xi'an Jiaotong University，Xi'an 71oo49,China)

Abstract: To address the selection of load materials for the shockwave technology based on underwater electrical wire explosion，the discharge and shockwave characteristics of explosions of aluminum and copper wires with the same length and initial resistance is investigated. A pulsed current source with an initial stored energy of approximately 53.5kJ is used to drive four sets of aluminum and copper wires for electrical explosion. The load voltage，circuit current，and shock wave pressure waveforms are measured during the discharge process， and the electrical power, deposited energy，and shock wave impulse density are calculated. The experimental results show that aluminum wire explosions exhibit a faster phase transition process， while copper wire explosions demonstrate higher peak voltage， peak electrical power， and faster breakdown/ ionization，but lower plasma conductivity. The deposited energy during the phase transition is similar for both materials, but aluminum wires accumulate more energy after the voltage peak, resulting in greater total deposited energy. Compared to copper wire explosions， aluminum wire explosions produce shock waves with 1% 一 9% higher peak pressure, 55% 1 87% higher impulse density，and 33% 1 62% higher energy density in 4 groups of comparative experiments.

Keywords: underwater electrical wire explosion； load material; discharge characteristic； shockwave

金属丝电爆炸是指一定参数的脉冲电流驱动金属丝快速相变(固态、液态、气态和等离子体态），并伴随着冲击波、光辐射等现象的物理过程，可以在真空、空气和水等多种介质中进行[1-3]。（剩余14321字）