从“依赖养老”到“独立养老”：中国民众的养老意愿及其代际差异

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From “dependency.oriented elderly care” to “independent elderly care”： the elderly care options of the Chinese population and their intergenerational differences

LONG Shu.qin， YANG Chun.hua

Using data from the 2022 national survey conducted by the Ethics Development Think Tank of Jiangsu Province， this research analyzes the current elderly care choices of the Chinese population， the intergenerational differences and their influencing factors. The study finds that the preferred option in China is “independent elderly care” rather than “dependency.oriented elderly care” and there are significant intergenerational differences. The percentage of those relying on their children for “dependency.oriented elderly care” decreases with the shift in birth years， while the percentage opting for “independent elderly care”， including self.care， institutional care， and other types of care， increases with the shift in birth years. Among the influencing factors， resource availability significantly exerts impacts which exhibit distinct intergenerational differences. Firstly， children’s situation and their number make little impacts. The presence or absence of sons only significantly affects the elderly care options of the population born in the 1950s， 1960s， and 1970s ， and the factor of only child significantly affects only those born in the 1950s and  1960s. Secondly， family incomes are no longer the sole foundation for “dependency.oriented elderly care” but are gradually transforming into the driving force for “independent elderly care”. Those with better family incomes prefer “independent elderly care”. Thirdly， individuals with better incomes or education are more inclined towards “independent elderly care”. Therefore， resource availability， along with the intergenerational differences， gives an insight into the psychology of elderly care options in China.

［摘  要］ 根据江苏省道德发展智库开展的2022年全国调查数据分析研究发现，中国人的理想养老方式正经历从“依赖养老”到“独立养老”的转变且存在显著的代际差异，依靠子女的“依赖养老”比例随出生年代的推移而递减，而包含自我养老、机构养老和新型养老的“独立养老”比例则随着出生年代的推移而递增。（剩余11816字）