生物降解地膜在北京典型覆膜作物生产上的应用

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中图分类号：S316 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-6819（2025）03-0643-09 doi： 10.13254/j.jare.2024.0033

Application of biodegradable films on production of typical mulching crops in Beijing

ZHOU Jie， WANG Hongting， FENG Yang， LIU Xiaoxia* （Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center， Beijing ， China）

Abstract：In order to explore the feasibility of applying biodegradable film on production of typical mulching crop in Beijing， three biodegradable films（PBAT materials， SW1， SW2 and SW3）which produced by three different companies were used as experimental materials to analyze their performance， degradability， residuation and effects on soil temperature， soil moisture， crop yield and economic benefit on spring corn， potatoes and broccoli. Ordinary polyethylene（PE）and bare land were taken as the contrast. The results showed that the temperature and moisture retention which laying biodegradable films were lower than that of PE film， but higher than that of bare land. All of the three biodegradable films could improve the crop yield significantly. The yield covered with SW1 was the lowest due to the early degradation starting point. The yields of spring corn covered with SW2 and SW3 were 20160kg⋅hm-2 and 20 490kg⋅hm-2 ， the yields of potato were 35409kg⋅hm-2 and 36175kg⋅hm-2 . There were no significant differences among the yields of SW2， SW3 and PE. The yields of broccoli covered with SW2 and SW3 were 9706kg⋅hm-2 and 9946kg⋅hm-2 ， which were lower than yields of PE because of the short safety period set for biodegradable films. Three biodegradable films had no visible residual film after 230 days later in mulching test. The weight loss rate of all the three biodegradable films had reached over 93% after 240 days later in landfill test and SW2 treatment even almost completely degraded. Therefore， temperature and humidity were the main factors to influence the degradation of film in Beijing. The economic benefit of biodegradable film from high to low was SW3>SW2>SW1， which was lower than that of PE film， but higher than that of bare land. Based on the analysis of the comprehensive performance， degradability， residuation， crop yield and economic benefit of three biodegradable films， the biodegradable films of SW2 and SW3 are suitable for the mulching crops in Beijing.

Keywords：biodegradable film; typical mulching crop; degradable; yield; benefit

1978 年，我国从日本引进地膜用于农业生产，发展至今已成为全球地膜使用量最大的国家[1-2]。（剩余16780字）