激光三角二维速度与距离同步测量

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关键词：激光三角测量；二维正交测量;散斑效应；数字图像相关；边缘检测中图分类号：TP394.1;TH744 文献标识码：Adoi：10.37188/OPE.20253315.2378 CSTR：32169.14.OPE.20253315.2378

Laser triangulation based two-dimensional velocity and distance simultaneous measurement

WANG Shiji，ZHANGHao，FENG Weishuai

（College ofMarine Electrical Engineering，Dalian Matrine University， Dalian 116O26， China） *Corresponding author， E -mail： hao. zhang@dlmu. edu.cn

Abstract：The conventional laser-triangulation method is limited to axial distance measurement；its lateral resolution is influenced by surface microstructure，and measurement accuracy typically remains at the micrometer scale. These limitations restrict applications such as obtaining the absolute shape （diameter and microstructure） of rotating workpieces in machine tools from a single axial-distance measurement. The present study introduces a novel method for simultaneous measurement of orthogonal two-dimensional velocity and distance of moving objects. An edge-detection-based distance measurement approach that is robust to speckle noise is also proposed to enhance applicability in high-precision industrial measurements. The method integrates the Scheimpflug principle with laser-triangulation sensors and establishes a theoretical mapping model that relates object lateral motion，axial surface variations，and variations in the imaging spot characteristics.Algorithms are developed on the basis of geometric optics and speckle statistics.Digital image correlation is employed to capture displacements of the speckle pattern's internal texture，while the Canny operator combined with a Zernike-based subpixel edge-detection algorithm is used to track lightspot edge dynamics in real time. These techniques enable concurrent measurement of lateral velocity and axial position of moving surfaces. Experimental results demonstrate relative errors and uncertainties on the order of 10-4 . Lateral measurement resolution achieved via edge detection is improved by an order of magnitude，and axial measurement accuracy reaches the submicron level. The proposed methods extend the measurement capabilities of laser-triangulation sensors and provide technical support for investigations of multi-degree-of-freedom dynamic phenomena，including motion mechanics and fluid dynamics.

Key words： laser triangulation； 2D orthogonal measurement; speckle effect； digital image correlation;edge detection

1引言

在高端制造和前沿科研领域，实时距离与速度测量至关重要，如精密仪器的振动诊断[1]、航天器微米级热变形监测2，以及粒子加速器纳米级装配监控[3等。（剩余15439字）