乌蒙山国家级自然保护区兰科植物多样性与分布格局研究
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中图分类号：Q948.13 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-3142（2026）02-0245-14
Abstract： Orchidaceae，encompasing numerous rare and endangered species，remains a focal group for biodiversity conservation research due to its distributioncharacteristics and survival status.To comprehensively master the species diversity，distribution patterns，and survival statusof Orchidaceae in Wumeng Mountain National Nature Reserveof northeastern Yunnan Province，we systematicaly surveyed orchids using quadrat sampling and analyzed their diversity throughdiversityindicesandphylogeneticreconstruction.Ithaddeeplyrevealedthediversitycharacteristicsof Orchidaceae in this region. The results were as folows：（1） The Orchidaceae flora was dominated by Habenaria， Calanthe，andPlatanthera，with characteristicspecies including Calanthepuberula，Lipariscampylostalix，Neotia nanchuanica，Odontochilus elwesii，and Goodyera henryi. Monotypic genera comprised 73% of the total.Diversity indices [Margalef's richness index （DMG）=4.0356 ，Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H′）= 2.622 8 ，Simpson’s dominance index （λ）=0.1136 ）]indicated moderate diversity and low dominance.（2） Species richness peaked at mid-high altitudes （ 1700-2100m ）. Phylogenetically related species clustered at similar altitudes and habitats，suggesting stronghabitat filtering.（3）Notably， 30% ofspecies were threatened，particularly the taxa with medicinal and ornamental values such as Anoectochilus emeiensis，Cremastra appendiculata，Pleioneyunnanensis，and Cymbidium goeringiiand thesurvival status of these species were particularlyworrying.In summary，the overalldiversityof the Orchidaceaeflorainthisreserveis nothigh，and thedistributionof species isunevenat diferentaltitudes，and some speciesarefacing highsurvivalrisks.Thestudyprovides critical baselinedataforregional Orchidaceaediversityreseach and provide direct scientific support for the subsequent systematic protection and management of Orchidaceae.
Key words： Orchidaceae，biodiversity，species composition，altitudinal gradient，conservation status
兰科（Orchidaceae）是被子植物中的第二大科，全球有20000多种，广泛分布在除两极、极端沙漠地区外的几乎所有区域，尤以热带和亚热带地区分布的种类和数量最多（Gustavo，1996;Cribbetal.，2003）。（剩余19532字）
