贵州省黔西南州地区某医院322例新生儿溶血病筛查结果分析

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【关键词】溶血病，新生儿；母婴血型不合；游离抗体试验；直接抗人球蛋白试验；抗体释放试验DOI：10.19522/j.cnki.1671-5098.2025.11.015

Analysis of hemolytic diseasescreening in 322 neonates inahospital from qianxinan prefecture，Guizhou province

YangGuangting，YangZhaoli，ZhuLianli DepartmentofBlood TransfusionPeople's HospitalofQianxinanPrefecture，Xingyi5624oo，China

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze screening results of neonatal hemolytic disease （HDN） in 322 cases from Qianxinan Prefecture，Guizhou Province，and provide evidence for clinical management.MethodsBlood group data，hemolytictriadtestresults （directCoombstest，freeantibodytest，antibodyreleasetest），andbilirubinlevels werecollected from 322 neonates with mother-infant blood group incompatibilityand their mothers at Qianxinan Prefecture People's Hospital from July to December 2024.ResultsAmong 322 neonates with blood group incompatibility，251 werediagnosedwith HDN，yielding a detection rateof77.95%（251/322）.Among newborns with maternal-fetal blood type incompatibility，there were162cases withAantigen incompatibility，accounting for 50.31%（162/322），with 128 cases of HDN detected，a positive rate of 79.01 % （128/162）. There were 160 cases of B antigen incompatibility，accounting for 49.68% ，and123 cases of HDN were detected，with a positive rate of 76.87%.HDN detection rates between 0/A（80.50% and O/B（77.35 % ） groups showed no statistical significance（ P> （2号 0.05）.Among newborns of different day-ages，the HDN positive rate differs （ χ =7.276， P =0.026），and that in the ⩽1 （2 daygroup is higher than in the ≥3 days group [86.90%（73/84） vs. 72.22 % （117/161）， P <0.05]. Conclusion HDN predominantlyoccurs in neonates with O/A or O/B blood group incompatibility，and age has acertain impactonthe detectionrateof HDN.HDN can lead to hyperbilirubinemia in newborns，and three hemolytic tests should be performed onnewborns with blood type incompatibility betweenmother and child as earlyas possible，followed by timely corresponding treatment to improve the prognosis of the children.

【Key words】Hemolytic disease，newborn；Blood type incompatibility between mother and child；Free antibody test; Direct anti-human globulin test;Antibody release test DOI：10.19522/j.cnki.1671-5098.2025.11.015

新生儿溶血病（hemolytic diseaseof thenew-born，HDN）是由母婴血型抗原不相容引起的同种免疫性溶血反应，其核心病理机制为孕妇对胎儿父源性红细胞抗原致敏后产生免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin，Ig）G抗体，该抗体经胎盘转运至胎儿体内，靶向破坏胎儿红细胞，引发溶血链式反应。（剩余5142字）