论雇佣救助费用和船舶优先权、共同海损之间的关系

摘要：雇佣救助是指救助双方约定，不论救助是否有效果，被救助方均需按约定的费率或金额支付固定救助费用的行为。雇佣救助费用和公约救助报酬在法律性质、计酬原则和支付条件上存在根本的差别。雇佣救助请求权不宜享有船舶优先权，但可享有一般法下的留置权，在符合共同海损构成要件时，可以列入共损费用进行分摊。

关键词：雇佣救助；“无效果，无报酬”；船舶优先权；共同海损

中图分类号：D922.294  文献标志码：A

文章编号：2096-028X（2023）01-0003-11

On the Relationship Among Employment Salvage Payment，Maritime Lien and General Average

SI Yuzhuo， WU Xu

（Law School，Dalian Maritime University，Dalian 116026，China）

Abstract：Employment salvage refers to the act rendered under a contract to pay a given sum for the services or for per diem or per horam wage， payable at all events， regardless whether the work is successful or not. There are fundamental differences in the legal nature， the principles of remuneration and the conditions of payment between employment salvage payment and salvage remuneration under the Convention. The claim for employment salvage shall not have a maritime lien， but may have a lien under the general law. If it meets the constitutive requirements of general average， it shall be allowed in general average and contributed by the beneficiaries.

Key words：employment salvage；“No cure， No pay”；maritime lien；general average

《1989年国际救助公约》（简称《1989年救助公约》）第6条“救助合同”第1款规定：“除合同另有明示或默示的规定外，本公约适用于任何救助作业。（剩余22909字）