自适应稀疏傅里叶变换在异步电机转子断条故障诊断中的应用

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关键词：转子断条；故障诊断；稀疏傅里叶变换

中图分类号：TM307文献标志码：A

DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202510005文章编号：0253-987X（2025）10-0054-10

Application of Adaptive Sparse Fourier Transform in Diagnosis of Rotor Bar Breakage Faults in Asynchronous Motors

CHEN Baojia1 ，GUO Yipeng1²， XU Chao³， XU Luojun³，XU Yi³， ZHANG Wenzhong .1，4 （1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design and Maintenance，China Three Gorges University，Yichang， Hubei 443o02，China；2. Collgeof Electrical Engineering and New Energy，China Three Gorges University，Yichang， Hubei 443002，China；3. Yichang Institutional Division，Hubei Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Institute， Yichang，Hubei 443002，China；4.Hubei Taihe Petrochemical Equipment Co.，Ltd.，Yichang，Hubei 443699，China）

Abstract：To address the challenges of weak fault features and severe fundamental frequency interference in motor rotor bar breakage， which makes fault feature extraction particularly difficult，an adaptive sparse Fourier transform（ASFT） method is proposed. First，the sparse Fourier transform （SFT） is employed to remove the fundamental frequency component from the original signal， with the sparsity parameter adaptively selected using an improved golden eagle optimizer （IGEO）. Subsequently，SFT is reapplied to the fundamental frequency-suppressed signal to accurately extract the rotor bar fault features. Finally，a feature-reconstruction-based extraction method is introduced to mitigate the large fluctuations of fault components under highload conditions. To validate the effectiveness of ASFT，it is applied to both simulated and experimental signals of rotor bar breakage. The results demonstrate that when conventional methods are significantly affected by the fundamental frequency，ASFT achieves a 100% energy proportion for the extracted fault feature components，effectively resolving the issues of high diagnostic difficulty and strong concealment in rotor bar breakage faults.

Keywords： rotor broken bars; adaptive fault diagnosis; sparse Fourier transform

鼠笼式异步电机作为动力驱动设备，广泛应用于工业生产的各个领域，其运行可靠性直接关系到整个生产系统的稳定性[1-3]。（剩余14524字）