新疆大果沙枣新品种红玉的选育

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中图分类号：S793.9 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1009-9980（2025）07-1652-05

Abstract： Hongyu is alocal variety found in the farmlandof Qiaha Township，Cele County，HotanRegion， Xinjiang in 2006.The regional experiments were carried out in Hotan，Mo Yu，Atushi， Aksu County，etc.After many years of continuous observation，the biological characteristics of this variety were stabile.The State Forestry and Grassland Bureau granted Hongyu the first batch of new plant variety right in 2022，and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Forestry and Grassland Bureau recognized it in 2023.The tree of Hongyu was strong and upright The trunk was grayish-brown in color with deep longitudinal fissures，sparse and reddish-brown and thornless branches.The single leaf was alternate，long ovoid，entire and gray-green.The drupeswere fullat maturity，the pericarp was chestnut red，covered with white scales，the fruit stalk was short，the fruit was long ovate，the average weight ofa single fruit was 2.50g ，the maximum was up to 4.5g ，and the edible ratewasup to 81.48% . The fleshwasyellowish brown and tasted sweet and slightly sour with a little astringent flavor. The total sugars content of the fruit was 60.400% ，proanthocyanidins， 1.706g⋅100g-1 ，total flavonoids content 526.000mg⋅100g-1 ， total phenols， 1470.000mg⋅100g-1 proteins content 4.450g⋅100g-1 ，and fats content 14.9% . It was also rich in trace elements.The sap begined to flow in late March，the bud burst begined in mid-April，the flowering occurred in early to late May，the fruits ripened inmid- to late-November，and the leaves fell in earlyDecember.This varietywas drought-resistant and salt-resistant，suitable for planting in the sandy wasteland，saline and alkaline land， gravelly sandy land in the Ring Tarim Basin，the northern edge of Junggar Basin and similar climatic zones，with strong cold-resistant ability，and it could be grown at an altitude of 2200 meters above the sea level.As an excelent ecological and economic tree species，it is mainly vegetitavelly propagated by hard cutings. It could be overwintered and planted upright in the south and north of Xinjiang，and would become a pioneer tree species in the Taklimakan Deserttborderlocking project and the desert blockade.

Keywords：Elaeagnusmoorcroftii;New varieties;Hongyu

大果沙枣生命力顽强，它喜光，耐大气干旱，耐高温，耐土壤瘠薄，较耐寒，也较耐盐碱，它的根系发达，抗风力强，枝叶繁茂，花香宜人，果实味甜带酸，深受各族人民欢迎，是一种根、茎、叶、花、果都具有利用价值的珍贵树种，具有较高的经济价值。（剩余2899字）