莫高窟第285窟南壁图像与北壁发愿文关系试论

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内容摘要：对莫高窟第285窟南壁壁画内容做了系统解读，认为它们主要是对应北壁发愿文中“愿佛法兴隆，魔事微灭”之“魔事”，即杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语等内容而绘制的，反映了营造该窟的主体思想。此外，画面中还指出了破除魔事之法要，即通过读诵经典、布施、护持正法等行为来获得拔济。

关键词：莫高窟第285窟；南壁壁画；发愿文；魔事

中图分类号：K879.21  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2024）06-0026-08

A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between the Paintings

on the South Wall and the Votive Text on the North Wall of

Mogao Cave 285

SONG Yanpeng

（Information Center for Dunhuang Studies， Dunhuang Academy， Dunhuang 736200， Gansu）

Abstract：This paper conducts a systematic analysis of the paintings on the south wall of Mogao cave 285， and argues that they were created primarily to act as a response to the“Māra-deeds” theme mentioned in the votive text on the north wall of the same cave. The relevant passage of the text reads， “May the dharma prosper and the Māra-deeds disappear”; “Māra-deeds” included killing， stealing， sexual misconduct， and reckless speech. The paintings thus reflect the religious principles the owners of the cave wished to enshrine when they built the site， and exhorted Buddhist lay-followers to expunge Māra-deeds by reciting scriptures， giving alms， and upholding the dharma.

Keywords：Mogao cave 285; murals on the south wall; votive text; Māra-deeds

一 引 言

敦煌莫高窟第285窟是莫高窟北朝洞窟中唯一有确切纪年的洞窟，主室北壁存西魏大统四年、五年（538、539）的题记，可知此窟开凿于西魏早期。（剩余8314字）