河西早期石窟年代的甄别

——河西早期石窟研究之上

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内容摘要：河西早期石窟中，武威天梯山之外的石窟年代都有分歧。经过辨证，酒泉文殊山石窟前山千佛洞、张掖马蹄寺石窟千佛洞第1窟和第4窟、金塔寺石窟东西窟的年代，与武威天梯山石窟第1、4窟相近，上限都可到十六国晚期，下限难以进入北魏;敦煌莫高窟第275窟年代难以上升到十六国晚期，而应开凿于北魏早期。

关键词：河西早期石窟;年代;十六国晚期

中图分类号：K879.2  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2022）01-0063-09

Determining the Dates of Early Grottoes in Hexi

—A Study on the Early Grottoes of Hexi and Related Issues （I）

WEI Zheng MA Mingyue

（School of Archaeology and Museology， Peking University， Beijing 100871）

Abstract：Besides the Tiantishan Grottoes in Wuwei， the construction dates of the early grottoes of the Hexi region all remain disputable. Both textual and visual research suggests that the dates of Qianfo Cave at the Wenshushan Grottoes in Jiuquan， caves 1 and 4 of the Matisi Grottoes， and the East and West Caves of the Jintasi Grottoes in Zhangye are close to that of caves 1 and 4 of the Tiantishan Grottoes in Wuwei， which were made as early as the Sixteen Kingdoms period and no later than the Northern dynasty. Mogao cave 275 at Dunhuang was probably created no earlier than the Sixteen Kingdoms period and was most likely constructed during the early Northern Wei dynasty.

Keywords：early Hexi Grottoes; age; late Sixteen Kingdoms period

一 問题的提出和年代甄别的出发点

1. 问题的提出

这里的河西早期石窟是指十六国和北魏早期的石窟，用内地石窟来比附的话，在年代上相当于云冈石窟开凿之前。（剩余7337字）

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