T细胞疗法在膀胱癌治疗中的临床应用：方法、优势与局限性

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ABSTRACT：T-cell therapy，asanemerging strategy for bladdercancer treatment，primarilyincludes tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte（TIL）thrapyTcellreceptor-engineered T-cell（TCR-T）therapy，andchimericantigenreceptorT-cell（CAR-T） therapy.TIL therapyinvolvesextracting，expanding，andreinfusing tumor-infiltrating Tcels，aiming topromote tumor regresion，whichhasachieved initial progressinthefieldof bladdercancer.TCR-Ttherapy involves geneticallymodifyingT cellsto specificallyrecognize tumorantigens presentedbyMHC，with clinicaltrials targetingNY-ESO-1andothertargets progresing in anorderly manner.CAR-T therapyutilizes artificially designed CAR molecules to target bladder cancer-highly expressedantigens such as prostate-specific membraneantigen（PSMA）and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2），with multiple studies confirming itspotent cytotoxic effects.This article systematically summarizes the existing research，advantagesand limitationsof T-celltherapy in bladdercancer，soastoprovide referencefor exploringnewoptions for the next-generation immunotherapy strategies of bladder cancer.

KEY WORDS：bladdercancer；adoptivecellimmunotherapy；T-cellterapy；tumor infiltrating lymphocyte therapy；Tcel receptor engineered T-cell therapy； chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy

摘要：目的T细胞疗法作为膀胱癌治疗的新兴选择，主要包括肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）疗法、T细胞受体改造T细胞（TCR-T）疗法和嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）疗法。（剩余13703字）