“四定法”多次波识别体系的建立与应用

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文章编号：1000-7210（2025）03-0689-11

关键词： 多次波，正演模拟，平面区带，地震响应，资料保真度中图分类号：P631 文献标识码：A DOI：10. 13810/j. cnki. issn. 1000⁃7210. 20240093

Abstract：In the middle and deep oil and gas exploration in the Junggar Basin，the imaging quality of seismic data is seriously affected by multiple waves caused by strong impedance interface. Because of the small diffe⁃ rence between multiple waves and primary waves and the unclear periodic characteristics of multiple waves due to multi⁃source superposition，it is difficult to distinguish between primary waves and multiple waves during data processing. Thus，accurate recognition of multiple waves is a prerequisite for multiple wave suppression. In this paper，the reflection coefficient，vertical seismic profile（VSP）calibration，and forward modeling results are first analyzed to determine the source of multiple waves. Then，the plane zone of multiple wave development is de⁃ termined by making clear the characteristics of source plane distribution through well⁃seismic combination. Fur⁃ thermore，the longitudinal segments affected by multiple waves are determined by precise calibration using syn⁃ thetic recording，VSP，and other methods. At last，the differences in frequency and energy between multiple waves and primary waves are identified using data volumes of different frequency bands，and the seismic re⁃ sponse characteristics of multiple waves are determined. On this basis，a multiple wave recognition system based on the“four determination”method is established. The practical application results in Fuzhong and Mahu areas of the Junggar Basin show that the formation structure and occurrence of the new data have high coin⁃ cidence rates with well drilling，and the relationship between sand pinchout and overlaying is clear. The multi ⁃ wave recognition system can effectively identify the development characteristics of different multiple waves，pro⁃ viding an important basis for multiple wave suppression and greatly improving data fidelity. Keywords：multiple waves，forward modeling，plane zone，seismic response，data fidelity

，等 .“ 四定法”多次波识别体系的建立与应用［J］. 石油地球物理勘探，2025，60（3）：689‑699.LIN Yu，MIAO Jinpeng，LIU Xiaohu，et al. Establishment and application of multiple wave recognition systembased on“four determination”method［J］. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2025，60（3）：689‑699.

0 引言

在准噶尔盆地中深层的油气勘探中，地震多次波是一种常见且对有效信号影响较大的干扰波，导致目的层的反射同相轴形态发生畸变，地震合成记录标定不准，解释人员对砂体及地层尖灭特征认识不清，影响了对地震资料的正确认识，为后续的地震资料解释及综合地震地质研究带来很大困扰。（剩余13723字）