煤自燃监测预警技术研究进展及展望

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中图分类号：TD712.5 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1671−251X（2025）07−0001−14

Abstract：To address the lack of comprehensivereviews focusing on the suitabilityof coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning technologies for various underground scenarios，this paper reviews monitoring technologies applicableunder real underground conditions.It summarizes coal spontaneous combustion monitoring technologies suitable typical coal mine scenarios along with their current research status （goaf areas，working face-roadway）.It analyzes the principlesand current research oncoal spontaneous combustion prediction technologies based on indicator gases and machine learning.It introduces existing coal spontaneouscombustion stage division methodsand hierarchical early warning strategies.An inteligent development path is proposed：constructinga“one-stop，visualized，and intelligent”early warningplatform for coal spontaneous combustion in mines to realizereal-time continuous visualization monitoring of key information. With the deep integration of large modelsand thecoal industry，coal spontaneous combustion early warning technology will advance toward an inteligent model of“ multimodal analysis-accurate prediction-proactive prevention and control.” The paper points out the development directions of coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning technology： ① continue studying the multi-physical field coupling mechanisms and disaster-causing mechanisms of coal spontaneous combustion to provide theoretical support for proactive early warning and control; ② focus on overcoming bottlenecks in applying new monitoring technologies underground based on coal spontaneous combustion characteristics and actual working conditions，providing technical support for constructing multiparameter dynamic monitoring networks; ③ deeply integrate machine learning， digital twins， and other technologies to build a 3D visualized inteligent early warning platform based on multimodal prediction models; ④ cultivate large models specialized for the coal mining industry， distiling lightweight vertical domain models based on general large models， thereby supporting the intelligent development of coal mines.

Key words： coal spontaneous combustion monitoring; coal spontaneous combustion early warning; coal spontaneous combustion disaster prevention and control; endogenous fire;coal spontaneous combustion stages; multiparameter dynamic monitoring

0引言

煤炭是我国能源安全的“压舱石”[1]，我国能源结构呈现出“富煤、贫油、少气”的禀赋特征，以煤为主的能源结构短期内不会发生改变[2-3]。（剩余31210字）