室内动态空调环境下老年人热需求评价指标研究

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Abstract： The air supply mode of air conditioners creates a dynamic indoor thermal environment， which can significantly affect the thermal comfort needs of elderly individuals.However，the traditional predicted mean vote （PMV） index is designed for steady-state conditions and fails to consider the impact of spatial and temporal fluctuations in thermalenvironments.Thisstudy investigates thethermalneedsof theelderlyindynamicairconditioned environments and proposes evaluation metrics to quantify the efects of these fluctuations.Seven elderly participants were recruited for a climate chamber experiment.Thermal environment parameters were monitored at 24 points （across three heights and eight directions）surrounding the subjects under four typical air supply modes of room air-conditioners in cooling conditions.The temporal and spatial characteristics of the thermal environment were quantified using two proposed indicators：uniformity （defined as the difference in environmentalparameters between the chestand the back of the subjects）and fluctuation （defined as the average variability of environmental parameters across the eight directions）.Results showed significant uniformity and fluctuation in the thermal environment surounding the subjects.Thermal perception evaluation showed that reduced environmental fluctuation and improved uniformity were associated with more neutral thermal and draught sensations，thereby enhancing thermal comfort. Correlation analysis further confirmed a significant relationship between thermal perception and the proposed uniformity and fluctuation indicators. These findings suggestthat the uniformity and fluctuation indexes can be used as efective evaluation metrics for assessing the heat demand and thermal comfort of elderly individuals in dynamic indoor air-conditioned environments.

Keywords：dynamic environment;airconditioning;elderly; thermalcomfort

据国家卫健委最新数据，截至2021年底，中国60岁及以上老年人口达2.67亿，占总人口的 18.9% ;65岁及以上老年人口达2亿，占总人口的 14.2% 。（剩余11219字）