山东半岛南部近海一次弱冷空气结束后海雾快速形成原因分析

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中图分类号：P47 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-3599（2026）01-0043-12

DOI：10.19513/j.cnki.hyqxxb.20250226001

Case analysis of rapid formation of sea fog over coastal waters south of the Shandong Peninsula after weak cold air

GAO Rongzhen1，2，SHI Xiaomeng12，CONG Chunhua³，HAO Yan²（1.KeyLaboratoryforMeteorologicalDisasterPreventionandMitigationofShandong，Jinan250o31，China;2.QingdaoMeteorological Observatory（Qingdao MarineMeteorological Obseruatory），Qingdao266003，China；3.ShandongMeteorological Observatory，Jinan250o31，China）

AbstractBased on hourly observations of marine meteorological elements from automatic weather stations and buoys，air quality monitoring data and ERA5 reanalysis data，combined with the results of the HYSPLIT trajectory model，this study analyzes the rapid formation mechanism of sea fog over the coastal waters south of the Shandong Peninsula after the influence of weak cold air.The results are as follws.（1） The sea fog event occurs during the transitional phase when the surface weak cold air is replaced by warm and moist air，and belongs to the isobaric-field advection fog type.The sea fog near the coast is also aected by radiative cooling，thus exhibiting the characteristics of advection-radiation fog. （2）The establishment of the temperature inversion layer is mainly caused by radiative cooling in the near-surface layer at night，supplemented by the warming effect of the warm advection at 975hPa （3）The synergistic efects of sea breeze， turbulent heat exchange and nocturnal radiative cooling promote the atmospheric cooling and moistening，providing the necessary humidity conditions for sea fog formation.Under high humidity conditions over the sea，the increased mass concentrations of aerosol particles lead to reduced visibility in offshore areas away from the coast，facilitating the development of light fog into densefog.（4）In addition to its cooling and moistening efects，the weak cold air transports aerosol particles to the coastal waters south of the Shandong Peninsula.Meanwhile，it provides a favorable weak circulation background for the sea breeze circulation，and the sea-land breeze convergence line creates advantageous conditions for the accumulation of aerosol particles.

Keywordscoastal waters south of the Shandong Peninsula; sea fog; weak cold air; aerosol particle; isobaric field

0 引言

海雾是受海气相互作用影响发生在海上低层大气中的一种水汽凝结现象，是悬浮于大气边界层中大量水滴或冰晶使大气水平能见度小于 1km 的天气现象[1]。（剩余13259字）