近20年海雾气候学和天气学研究回顾

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中图分类号：P47 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-3599（2026）01-0001-18

DOI：10.19513/j.cnki.hyqxxb.20250303003

A review of climatology and synoptic meteorology researches on sea fog over the past two decades

ZHANG Suping， TIAN Xiangyu （College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences， Ocean University of China，Qingdao 26610o，China）

Abstract This paper reviews sea fog researches conducted over the past two decades on the climatology （e.g.spatial-temporal distribution and causes of global sea fog frequency），synoptic meteorology and relevant perspectives.Sea fog climatology examines the global （including both polar regions）distributions of sea fog frequency， seasonal variations and clasifications. Researches on the synoptic meteorology and relevant perspectives of sea fog encompass the influence of various factors on the formation and evolution of sea fog，including gravity wave disturbances，land-sea thermal contrasts，sea surface temperature fronts，precipitation/clouds，radiation，turbulence，advection and air-sea interactions，and examine the formation mechanisms of sea fog and sea fog-low cloud systemsunder the impact of intense weather systems，such as typhoons and explosive cyclones.This section is primarily based on researches regarding sea fog over China's coastal waters，and also includes related representative studies in areas such as the North Pacific，the North Atlantic and the coastal waters of California， USA，helping readers gain a more comprehensive understanding of the latest developments in sea fog research.Through this synthesis，we aim to deepen the understanding of the complex physical processes governing the formation and dissipation of sea fog. Finally，the review summarizes key insights gained from the mentioned studies，highlights unresolved questions and uncertainties，and providesprospects for future research.

Keywordssea fog；review；observational analysis；formation mechanism；global distribution of sea fog frequency

0 引言

海雾指在海洋影响下，发生在海洋（包括岸滨、岛屿）上空大气边界层中的一种天气现象，可导致海面大气水平能见度下降至不足 1 000m ，是一种危险性天气，海难事故多是在浓雾笼罩下发生的[1]海雾造成的影响是多方面的：（1）对沿海地区温度和湿度有明显调控，进而影响植被和生态；（2）海雾的微物理特征与海洋性低云（主要是层云、层积云）类似 ① ，对地球辐射平衡有重要贡献；（3）在干旱少雨但多雾的沿海、岛屿地区，收集的雾水是当地一种重要的水资源。（剩余31648字）