面向低功耗的心脏起搏器信号感知自适应 算法及集成电路实现

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中图分类号：R318.6 DOI：10.16152/j. cnki. xdxbzr. 2025-06-003

Adaptive algorithm and integrated circuit implementation for signal sensing of low-power pacemakers

WU Chunsheng1，²， ZHAO Yundi1，²，YUAN Jiaxian1，²，LIU Xinyi² CHEN Yuqi²，LI Jingxi²，LI Jingyi²

（1.School of Future Technology，Xi'an Jiaotong University，Xi'an 710115，China; 2.Institute of Medical Engineering，Department of Biophysics，School of Basic Medical Sciences， Xi'an Jiaotong University，Xi'an 71O061，China）

AbstractCardiac pacemakers are key implantable devices in modern medicine for treating arhythmias. The accuracyand reliabilityof their sensing function directly determine the success or failure of treatment.To addressthe isue that traditional fixed-parameter sensing paradigms struggle to cope with the complex dynamic characteristics of intracardiac electrical signals，leading to clinical risks such as under-sensing or oversensing， a systematic review of the evolution of adaptive sensing technology is conducted. The architecture，principles， and interaction logic of adaptive sensing algorithms，from classic to intelligent，are deeply analyzed.Key technologiesof application-specific integrated circuits （ASICs）that support the implementation of these algorithms are elaborated，including high-precision analog front-end design，analog-digital mixed signal coordination，and ultra-low power optimization.A comprehensive system implementation and performance evaluation framework is established，covering model-based design，hardware-in-the-loop testing，and preclinical validation in compliance with medical device regulations.A complete technical chain of adaptive sensing technology is systematically reviewed，and the keypoints of algorithm and hardware co-design are clarified.This system can effectively enhancethe safety，specificity，and individual adaptability of the sensing system in complex physiological and noisy environments，and provide rigorous validation methods for clinical application.Adaptive sensing technology is acore direction to break through the performance botlenecks of traditional pacemakers.Future technologies will develop towards multi-modal sensor fusion，personalized adaptation，and predictive maintenance.

Keywordspacemakers；implantable devices； signal sensing；adaptive algorithms； application-specific inte.grated circuits

心脏作为人体一切生命活动力量源泉，被誉为“人体的发动机”，其精密细致的结构和复杂有序的电生理活动保证了心脏能够按照身体需求完成收缩、舒张和泵血等工作。（剩余44551字）