无源RFID 感知技术综述：从身份识别到普适智能的演进与展望

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中图分类号：TN99 DOI：10.16152/j. cnki. xdxbzr. 2025-06-001

A review of passive RFID sensing technology ： The evolution from identity recognition to pervasive intelligence and prospects

WANG Ju， JING Zhouyu，YU Ningping，NIU Jingdi， CHANG Liqiong （School of Computer Science[School of Software]，Northwest University，Xi'an 710127，China）

AbstractPervasive sensing is a key enabling technology for the Internet of everything.However，conventional sensing modalities，constrained by cost，power consumption，and deployment complexity，struggle to serve as the sensing cornerstone for this vision. Batery-free radio frequency identification （RFID） sensing technology，leveraging its unique advantages such as battery-free operation，low cost，miniaturization，and inherent ID capability，demonstrates significant potential in transitioning from a mere"identity identifier"toa versatile "sensing terminal"，thereby offering a new technological paradigm for pervasive sensing. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of this technology，covering its progression from fundamental applications like identity management to advanced frontiers including spatial perception，behavior recognition，environmental sensing，and health monitoring.Finally，the paper discusss the core challenges this technology faces in terms of performance，intelligent integration，and security & privacy，and outlines its future prospects as a key enabling technology for the internet of things.

Keywordspassive radio frequency identification； internet of things;wireless sensing

随着物理世界与数字世界的深度融合，“万物互联”已成为信息技术发展的核心愿景。（剩余34371字）