断控型温泉形成的主控因素

——来自COMSOLMultiphysics数值模拟的约束

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Abstract： Hot springs represent a common mechanism for external heat dissipation from the deep Earth，often associatedwith faultactivity.Fault-controlledhotspringsareparticularlyimportant inthedevelopmentof geothermal resources.Therefore，acomprehensive understanding ofthe relationship between fault zones and hot springs is crucial for efective geothermal development and utilization.Despite this，there remains alack of systematic researchon how the characteristicsoffault zones （suchas width，permeabilityanddipangle）affectthe formationofhotsprings.This studyemploys a three-dimensional thermodynamics-hydrodynamicscoupled numerical model to investigate the influenceoffault width，permeability，and dipangleon hot spring formationand characteristics，under fixed terain， stratigraphy，hydrological conditions，andregional thermal background.Basedonabove，thestudyfurther explores the effects of intersecting fault zoneson groundwatercirculation.Theresults indicate that alonga fault，high-altitude sections exhibit negative thermal anomalies due to precipitation and surface water infiltration， whilelow-altitude sections are characterized by positive thermal anomalies and hot spring formation.These suggest that hot spring formation is influenced not only by the fault zone itself but also by the surrounding terrain conditions.The permeability and dipangle of thefault zone show a positivecorrelation with the formation，flowrate，and temperature of hot springs， with the dip angle having the most pronounced effecton temperature. Additionaly，as the fault width increases，hot spring temperatures initiallyrisebefore eventually decreasing.Inthecontextof intersecting fault zones， hot springs are predominantly formed inthe low-altitude region of each intersecting fault， withintersections potentially generating hot springs depending on the specific characteristics of the intersecting faults.

Key words： geothermal resources； hot springs； fault； topographic characteristics； numerical modeling

温泉，作为人类最早开始利用地热资源的方式之一，是对流型水热型地热资源的典型代表，同时也是地下热水的自然排放点。（剩余22504字）