膀胱癌治疗研究进展：化学生物学驱动的创新治疗策略

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ABSTRACT：This article highlights the limitationsof traditional treatment methods fornon-muscle-invasive bladdercancer and the multi-dimensional explorationofemerging strategies.It firstyreviews the historyand challengesof BCG immunotherapy，pointing outitsbotleneksinfficacy，tolerance，andsupply，and focusesonitschemicobiological modifications，suchastheoptimizationof nanoparticledrugdeliverysystemsand immune-activecomponents.Subsequently，it summarizes the development of variousnew treatment approaches，including gene therapy，photodynamic/sonodynamic therapy，hemodyamictherapyndproteolysis-targetigcimerasforargetedproteindegradationstrategies.Itprticularly emphasizestheenhancementofdrugdeliveryeficiencyandtargetinginthebladderthroughnanotechnology，aptamer-mediated systems，and biomimeticcarrers.The treatmentof bladdercancer is graduallytransforming from localand single-mode to precisesynergistic，and low-toxicitydirections，withchemicobiological means playingacoreroleindrivingthis transformation. Interdisciplinary integration provides a broad space and new hope for the treatment of bladder cancer.

KEY WORDS：bladder cancer；chemical modification； targeted therapy；drug delivery；gene therapy；photodynamic therapy; sonodynamic therapy； chemodynamic therapy

摘要：本文就传统治疗手段治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的局限性及新兴策略进展进行了综述。（剩余22721字）