基于VMD-SK的井中电磁数据自适应去噪

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中图分类号：P631 文献标识码：A DOI：10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.20250156

Abstract： Human noise （especially power-frequency interference） and random noise colectively constitute the primary interference sources of electromagnetic exploration signals. In severe cases，the noise may even obscure the electromagnetic response of geological structures.Therefore，the efective suppression or elimination of such noise is a pivotal step in electromagnetic data processing.This paper proposes a denoising method combining variational mode decomposition （VMD） and dynamic spectral kurtosis （SK） based on Bayesian optimization for borehole-acquired electromagnetic field data.Firstly，anadaptive VMD parameterization mechanism isconstructed.The penalty factor α ，mode number K ，and noise tolerance τ are determined via Pareto-Bayesian joint optimization to achievethe efficient decomposition of borehole electromagnetic signals. Secondly，a dual-stage screening strategy coupling frequency-domain coherence with time-frequency SK is designed to suppress noise while preserving geological atenuation characteristics.The results of simulation and field data calculations demonstrate that compared with wavelet-based methods and other traditional approaches，the signals processed by the proposed method exhibit excellent performance within a wide noise range from -10 to 30dB ，with itsmaximum signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） improvement of 22.07 dB.The proposed method can efectively suppress power-frequency harmonics and random noise in data collected in practical scenarios，mitigating Gibbs oscillations induced bytraditional notch filtering methods. Itnot onlyretains the integrity ofgeologicalresponse characteristics but also features strong robustness and high precision，thereby providing high-fidelity inputs for subsequent time-depth conversion and geological modeling.

Keywords： denoising of borehole electromagnetic data，Bayesian optimization，variational mode decomposition， spectral kurtosis

李骁骜，姜文龙，郭庆明，等.基于VMD-SK的井中电磁数据自适应去噪[J].石油地球物理勘探，2026，61（2）： 514-526.

Li Xiaoao，Jiang Wenlong，Guo Qingming，et al.Adaptive denoising of borehole electromagnetic data based on VMD-SK[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2026，61（2） ：514-526.

1研究背景

井中电磁勘探技术通过多种空间场源一接收器配置构建立体观测网络，以获取深部地质体信息，在油气勘探、地热开发、矿产勘查及地下水监测等领域具有重要应用价值，主要方法包括井地电磁法（井中发射一地表接收）、地井电磁法（地表发射一井中接收）、井间电磁法（井中发射一井中接收）及井中电磁法（单井布设）[。（剩余16305字）