管道缺陷激光无损检测方法综述

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中图分类号：TB9 文献标志码：A文章编号：1674-5124（2025）09-0001-14

Abstract： As critical infrastructure in key fields such as energy，chemical engineering，and nuclear power，the structural integrityof pipelines is paramount to systemsafety and operational stability.However，pipelines in service are susceptible to various structural defects， including cracks，corrosion，and deformation， due to extreme temperatures and harsh environments， which severely threaten their operational security. Traditional non-destructive testing （NDT） techniques often face challnges in pipeline inspection， such as low accuracy， low efficiency，and poor adaptability to complex environments. Incontrast，laser-based NDT technology， with its non-contact nature，high precision，high eficiency，and strong adaptability，demonstrates significant application potential in the field of pipeline defect detection. This paper first elaborates on the types and causes of pipeline defects，as well as the principles and characteristics of conventional detection methods.It then provides a comprehensive review of the principles，technical features， and current development status of mainstream laser-basedNDTmethods， including laserultrasonics，laser pointcloud，and distributed fiberoptic sensing.Lastly，thereviewanalyzes the current challenges facing laser-based NDT technologiesandoffersa perspective on future development directions.

Keywords： pipeline; defect; laser; non-destructive testing

0 引言

作为能源输送、农业生产与城市基础设施系统中的重要组成[1]，管道常年工作于高温、高压、高腐蚀、高疲劳及复杂交变应力的恶劣环境中[2-3]。（剩余29144字）