2024年冬季海洋天气评述

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中图分类号：P732.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-3599（2025）03-0151-12

DOI：10.19513/j.cnki.hyqxxb.20250410001

AbstractThe characteristics of the atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere in winter 2024 （from December 2O24 to February 2O25）were as follows.The polar vortex was characterized by a dipole type，and the circulation in the middle and high latitudes had a three-wave distribution. There was a significantly positive anomaly in the high pressure ridge in Siberia，and the ridge was stronger than the anual average，which was conducive to the accumulation of cold air. The East Asian large trough had a weak negative anomaly，and the trough was stronger than the annual average，which helped to guide the cold air southward. One tropical cyclone was generated in western North Pacific and the South China Sea， and 15 tropical cyclones were generated in other oceans. There were 11 gale processes of Beaufort wind force scale 8 or above in the ofshore waters of China， including 9 processes produced by cold air，one process by cold air and extratropical cyclones and one processby cold air and typhoon. The number of days with large waves above 2.0m in the offshore waters of China was 54，accounting for about 60% of the total number of days in winter.There were 4 relatively obvious sea fog processes in the ofshore waters of China.In winter 2024，China’s offshore waters showed an obvious cooling trend，and the cooling range of the northern waters was significantly greater than that of the southern waters.The sea surface temperature（SST）of China’s offshore waters in December 2O24 was generally higher than that of the normal years，while the SST from January to February 2O25 was generally lower than usual. Keywordsatmospheric circulation； gale process； tropical cyclone； wave height； sea surface temperature （SST）

0 引言

文中主要分析2024年北半球冬季（2024年12月一2025年2月，下同）的大气环流特征及逐月演变对我国近海天气的影响，并对我国冬季近海海域发生的主要灾害性天气（大风、海雾）进行分析总结。（剩余7259字）