面向海洋空间优化的退役海上构筑物再利用

——治理逻辑与制度创新路径

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中图分类号：P74；X55

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1005-9857（2026）04-0003-11

Reusing Decommissioned Offshore Structures for Marine Spatial Optimization: Governance Logic and Institutional Innovation Pathways

HE Jingrui, LIU Shufen, HU Heng, YUE Qi, WANG Donghai, ZHANG Yin

(National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300112, China)

Abstract: Against the backdrop of large-scale global decommissioning of offshore oil and gas infrastructure and the shift of coastal development from incremental expansion to the optimization of existing spatial resources, the disposal of decommissioned offshore structures has evolved from a matter of environmental risk management into a key issue affecting marine spatial reorganization and the transformation of the blue economy. In China, the current governance framework-characterized by use-bound property rights, a planar marine-area management model, and a risk-first institutional path-tends to define decommissioned facilities as objects to be removed, leaving their potential for reuse without a clear legal basis. This study develops a four-dimensional analytical framework encompassing property-rights logic, planning integration, risk decision-making, and economic incentives. Through a comparative analysis of the U.S. “Rigs-to-Reefs” program and related European practices, it reveals an institutional transition from mandatory removal toward a governance model combining classification-based assessment with functional regeneration. The study indicated that the institutional legitimacy of reuse depends on establishing clear evaluation mechanisms, layered sea-area use rights arrangements, and reconfigured liability frameworks. Based on this, the paper proposes a transformation pathway oriented toward the integration of production, ecological, and living functions, providing institutional references for the reorganization of existing marine spatial resources.

Keywords: Decommissioned offshore structures; Marine spatial governance; Reuse of decommissioned facilities; Land-sea divided governance; Sea area use system

0 引言

在全球能源结构加速转型的背景下，大量海上油气设施正在进入集中退役阶段。（剩余18936字）