《御制五体清文鉴》中的蒙古语鱼类词汇与文化交融研究

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文本信息： 白雪， 阿迪亚.《御制五体清文鉴》中的蒙古语鱼类词汇与文化交融研究 [J]. 文化创新比较研究， 2026， 10 （16）： 42-45.

A Study on Mongolian Fish Vocabulary and Cultural Integration in the Imperially Compiled Pentaglot Dictionary

关键词：《御制五体清文鉴》；蒙古语；鱼类词汇；借词；语言接触；文化交融

中图分类号：H212

文献标志码：A

文章编号：2096-4110（2026）16-0042-04

DOI： 10.26991/j.cnki.issn2096-4110.2026.16.011

Abstract： Taking fish-related lexical entries from the Imperially Compiled Pentaglot Dictionary — an official lexicographical work compiled under imperial auspices in the Qing Dynasty — as its research corpus， this paper examines the compositional features of Mongolian fish vocabulary and its evolution against the backdrop of multi-ethnic language contact in the Qing Dynasty， through cross-linguistic comparison and categorical analysis. The study first classifies the entries into three types： transliterated loanwords， calqued loanwords and indigenous words， and further subdivides transliterated loanwords into early and late phases. The findings indicate that early loanwords are dominated by freshwater fish terms， mirroring early Manchu-Mongolian lexical exchanges rooted in fishing-hunting and nomadic economies. In late loanwords， marine fish terms take up a prominent share， most of which were adopted from Manchu with systematic phonemic correspondences. This pattern reflects the role of Qing-dynasty lexicons in filling lexical gaps of marine fish nomenclature in the Mongolian language. Calqued loanwords embody the shared naming logic across Manchu， Han Chinese and Mongolian languages， while the predominance of freshwater fish terms among indigenous words attests to the characteristics of Mongolian as an inland language. This study demonstrates that Mongolian fish vocabulary features a hierarchical structure. The incorporation of marine fish vocabulary is closely linked to multi-ethnic language contact and the popularization of education in the Qing Dynasty. As a key vehicle for the cross-linguistic spread of such vocabulary， this dictionary offers linguistic evidence for understanding ethnic exchanges， interactions and integration in the Qing Dynasty.

Key words： Imperially Compiled Pentaglot Dictionary; Mongolian; Fish vocabulary; Loanwords; Language contact; Cultural integration

蒙古语族人群在历史上长期以畜牧经济为主，这一社会生产背景使其语言中发展出极为丰富而精细的畜牧业词汇系统。（剩余5217字）